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A look at 16 – Nation – Southern African Development Community (SADC)

by editor · December 8, 2022

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SADC Secretariat

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat is the principal executive institution of SADC, responsible for strategic planning, co-ordination and management of SADC programmes. It is also responsible for the implementation of decisions of SADC policy and institutions such as the Summit, the Troikas and Council of Ministers. It is headed by an Executive Secretary and has its headquarters in Gaborone, Botswana. The Secretariat is guided by Institutional Vision and Mission.

H.E. Mr Elias M. Magosi

Executive Secretary

H.E. Elias M. Magosi is a national of the Republic of Botswana who was sworn in on 18th August, 2021 as the Seventh SADC Executive Secretary at the 41st SADC Summit of Heads of State and Government held in Lilongwe, Republic of Malawi. He assumed his position on 1st September, 2021.

Joseph André Nourrice

Deputy Executive Secretary: Corporate Affairs

Ambassador Joseph André Nourrice, is a national of the Republic of Seychelles is the Deputy Executive Secretary for Corporate Affairs at the SADC Secretariat since October 2018. He was sworn in at the 38th SADC Summit in Windhoek, Namibia.

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a Regional Economic Community comprising 16 Member States; Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, United Republic Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The mission of SADC is to promote sustainable and equitable economic growth and socio-economic development through efficient, productive systems, deeper cooperation and integration, good governance and durable peace and security; so that the region emerges as a competitive and effective player in international relations and the world economy.

The main objectives of SADC are to achieve development, peace and security, and economic growth, to alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration, built on democratic principles and equitable and sustainable development.

Contact Us

SADC House

Plot No. 54385

Central Business District

Private Bag 0095

Gaborone, Botswana

Email: registry@sadc.int

Tel: +267 395 1863

Fax: +267 397 2848 / +267 318 1070

SADC Objectives

The main objectives of Southern African Development Community (SADC) are to achieve economic development, peace and security, and growth, alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through Regional Integration. These objectives are to be achieved through increased Regional Integration, built on democratic principles, and equitable and sustainable development.

The objectives of SADC, as stated in Article 5 of the SADC Treaty (1992) are to:

Achieve development and economic growth, alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the people of Southern Africa and support the socially disadvantaged through Regional Integration;

Evolve common political values, systems and institutions.
Promote and defend peace and security.
Promote self-sustaining development on the basis of collective self-reliance, and the inter-dependence of Member States.
Achieve complementarity between national and regional strategies and programmes.
Promote and maximise productive employment and utilisation of resources of the region.
Achieve sustainable utilisation of natural resources and effective protection of the environment.
Strengthen and consolidate the long-standing historical, social and cultural affinities and links among the people of the Region.

The SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP 2020-2030) and SADC Vision 2050 are two strategic plans which seek to further deepen Southern Africa regional integration and foster development.

The two strategic plans were approved by the 40th Ordinary SADC Summit in Maputo, Mozambique in 2020. They are both based on a firm foundation of Peace, Security and Democratic Governance, and premised on three interrelated pillars, namely: Industrial Development and Market Integration; Infrastructure Development in support of Regional Integration; and Social and Human Capital Development.

RISDP 2020-2030 operationalises the SADC Vision 2050 which is a long-term ambition by SADC that sets out the aspirations of the Region until 2050. RISDP 2020-2030 is a successor to the previous RISDP which was a comprehensive 15-year strategic roadmap which provided the strategic direction for achieving SADC’s long-term social and economic goals.

The previous RISDP provided the SADC Secretariat and other SADC institutions with clear guidelines on SADC’s approved social and economic priorities and policies and therefore, enhanced their effectiveness in discharging their facilitating and coordinating role. It was approved by SADC Summit in 2003 and its effective implementation began in 2005.

RISDP 2020-2030 is a 10-year strategic plan and a culmination of a long and intensive process that began in June 2012, following a decision by Member States to develop SADC Vision 2050.

Both RISDP 2020-2050 and Vision 2050 provide a guiding framework for the implementation of SADC’s regional integration and developmental agenda and programmes for the next 10 years. It is the product of consultative processes involving key stakeholders from Member States, including the private sector, civil society, research institutions, and think-tanks, as well as international cooperating partners (ICPs).

RISDP 2020–2030 and Vision 2050 cover six strategic priority areas namely:

The Foundation: Peace, Security, and Good Governance;
Pillar I: Industrial Development and Market Integration;
Pillar II: Infrastructure Development in Support of Regional Integration;
Pillar III: Social and Human Capital Development;
Cross-cutting issues including Gender, Youth, Environment and Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Management.
In each of these priority areas, the RISDP 2020-2050 and Vision 2050 provide strategic guidance in the form of actions, interventions, targets, and timelines that, if implemented and met, will further deepen integration in SADC. The RISDP 2020-2030 and Vision 2050 seek to create a peaceful, inclusive, competitive, middle- to high-income industrialised Region where all citizens enjoy sustainable economic well-being, justice, and freedom by the year 2050. By 2050, there will be a peaceful, inclusive, competitive, middle- to high-income industrialised Region, where all citizens enjoy sustainable economic well-being, justice and freedom.

Documents
SADC Vision 2050
SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020-2030
SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) Summary – English.

History and Treaty

SADC Founding Fathers

The predecessor of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) was the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC), established in 1980 in Lusaka, Zambia.

This background on the History of SADC and the establishment of the SADC Treaty are discussed through the following:

Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference
The Transformation from SADCC to SADC
The SADC Treaty
Amendment of the Treaty of SADC

Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference

In 1992, Heads of Government of the region agreed to transform SADCC into the Southern African Development Community (SADC), with the focus on integration of economic development. SADC members are Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

SADCC was formed to advance the cause of national political liberation in Southern Africa, and to reduce dependence particularly on the then apartheid era South Africa; through effective coordination of utilisation of the specific characteristics and strengths of each country and its resources. SADCC objectives went beyond just dependence reduction to embrace basic development and regional integration. Hence, SADCC was formed with four principal objectives, namely:

Reduction of Member State dependence, particularly, but not only, on apartheid South Africa.
Forging of linkages to create genuine and equitable regional integration.
Mobilisation of Member States’ resources to promote the implementation of national, interstate and regional policies.
Concerted action to secure international cooperation within the framework of the strategy for economic liberation.

Shown below is the conference (SADCC) and community (SADC) population size and gross domestic product (GDP) at the time of establishment (1980) and currently (2012):

	Year	GDP	Population
SADCC	1980 to 1992	US$ 20 Billion	60 million
SADC	1992 to present	US $ 471.1 Billion	257.7 million

The Transformation from SADCC to SADC

The formation of SADC was the result of a long process of consultation by the leaders of Southern Africa as described below:

From 1977, active consultations were undertaken by representatives of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia, working together as Frontline States, culminating in a meeting of Foreign Ministries of the Frontline States in Gaborone, Botswana, in May 1979, which called for a meeting of ministers responsible for economic development.
That meeting was subsequently convened in Arusha, Tanzania, in July 1979. The Arusha meeting led to the birth of the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) a year later.
SADCC was officially formed on 1st April, 1980 comprising of all the majority ruled states of Southern Africa, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The Heads of States and government of the Frontline States and representatives of the governments of Lesotho, Malawi, and Swaziland signed the Lusaka Declaration “Towards Economic Liberation” in Lusaka, Zambia and thus SADCC was born.
The SADCC was subsequently formalised by means of a Memorandum of Understanding on the Institutions of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference dated 20th July 1981.
In 1989, the Summit of Heads of State or Government, meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe, decided that SADCC should be formalised to “give it an appropriate legal status … to replace the Memorandum of Understanding with an Agreement, Charter or Treaty.”
On August 17 1992, at a Summit held in Windhoek, Namibia, the Heads of State and Government signed the SADC Declaration and Treaty that effectively transformed the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) into the Southern African Development Community (SADC). SADC was established under Article 2 of the SADC Treaty by SADC Member States represented by their respective Heads of State and Government, or duly authorised representatives, to spearhead economic integration of Southern Africa. The objective also shifted to include economic integration following the independence of the rest of the Southern African countries.
On 14 August 2001, in Blantyre, Malawi, the SADC Heads of State and Government signed an Agreement Amending the 1992 SADC Treaty to establish the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan.

The SADC Treaty

The SADC Treaty was signed to establish SADC as the successor to the Southern African Coordinating Conference (SADCC). This Treaty sets out the main objectives of SADC – to achieve development and economic growth, alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration. These objectives are to be achieved through increased regional integration, built on democratic principles, and equitable and sustainable development.

The SADC Treaty established a series of Institutional Mechanisms, including the following:

Summit of Heads of State or Government
Council of Ministers
Standing Committee of Officials
A Secretariat
A Tribunal

Amendment of the SADC Treaty

Following the establishment of the SADC Treaty, SADC undertook an exercise to restructure its institutions and at an Extra-ordinary Summit on March 9, 2001 in Windhoek, Namibia, the SADC Treaty Amendment(2001) was adopted. This restructuring was part of institutional reform necessitated by a number of difficulties and constraints encountered in the transition from a coordinating Conference into a Community. These reforms established eight (8) institutions, under the guidance of Article 9 of the Treaty Amendment, including the following:

Summit of Heads of State or Government
Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Co-operation
Council of Ministers
A Secretariat
A Tribunal
The Troika
Standing Committee of Officials
SADC National Committees

The SADC Treaty was also amended with an Agreement that established the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). This plan, based on the strategic priorities of SADC and the Common Agenda, is designed to provide strategic direction with respect to SADC projects, programmes and activities.

Documents

Declaration & Treaty of SADC (1992)

Agreement Amending the Treaty 2001

SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020-2030

Historical Timeline

SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE (SADCC) ESTABLISHED

1980

Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) established with 9 Member States (Angola, Botswana, Swaziland (Eswatini), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe)

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Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) established

Decision on assignment of responsibilities to Member

Formal establishment of SADC Secretariat

Namibia becomes 10th SADCC Member State

Signing of SADC Declaration and Treaty

Declaration of 17 August as SADC Day

South Africa becomes the 11th SADC Member State

Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP) is established

Mauritius becomes the 12th SADC Member State

Launch of SADC Flag

Launch of Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation to support the achievement and maintenance of peace, security and rule of law in SADC

SADC Protocol on Trade

SADC Protocol on Mining

Democratic Republic of Congo and Seychelles become the 13th and 14th SADC Member States

Restructuring of SADC Institutions

Establishment of Regulatory Association (RERA)

The Maseru Declaration on the fight against HIV/AIDS

The Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation (SIPO)

Approval of the RISDP as a 15-year strategic plan for SADC

Approval of the SADC Anthem which will be performed at all major SADC events

The Foundation Stone Monument

Madagascar becomes the 15th SADC Member State

Agreement signed for the construction of Kazungula Bridge

SADC Protocol on Gender and Development

Chirundu One Stop Border Post (OSBP)

Launch of SADC Free Trade Area

SADC signs Memorandum of Understanding

Harmonisation of SADC Radio Frequency Spectrum Allocation Plan – RF Spectrum

Commencement of the operation of the Regional Early Warning System (REWS)

Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax from the United Republic of Tanzania is appointed the first female SADC Executive Secretary

Zimbabwe officially hands over the SADC Regional Peacekeeping Training Centre (RPTC) to SADC.

Revised SADC Princilples and Guidelines Governing Democratic

Declaration on Youth Development and Empowerment in SADC

SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap (2015-2063)

Establishment of SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (SACREEE) which contributed towards increased access to modern energy services and improved energy security

Summit approves 23rd March as the day to commemorate the Southern Africa Liberation Day to pay tribute to the liberation of the region.

The Union of Comoros becomes the 16th SADC Member State

Approval of SADC Vision 2050 and the RISDP 2020-2030

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A look at 16 – Nation – Southern African Development Community (SADC)

SADC Secretariat

H.E. Mr Elias M. Magosi

Joseph André Nourrice

History and Treaty

Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference

The Transformation from SADCC to SADC

The SADC Treaty

Amendment of the SADC Treaty

Historical Timeline

SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE (SADCC) ESTABLISHED

1980

Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) established

Decision on assignment of responsibilities to Member

Formal establishment of SADC Secretariat

Namibia becomes 10th SADCC Member State

Signing of SADC Declaration and Treaty

Declaration of 17 August as SADC Day

South Africa becomes the 11th SADC Member State

Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP) is established

Mauritius becomes the 12th SADC Member State

Launch of SADC Flag

Launch of Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation to support the achievement and maintenance of peace, security and rule of law in SADC

SADC Protocol on Trade

SADC Protocol on Mining

Democratic Republic of Congo and Seychelles become the 13th and 14th SADC Member States

Restructuring of SADC Institutions

Establishment of Regulatory Association (RERA)

The Maseru Declaration on the fight against HIV/AIDS

The Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation (SIPO)

Approval of the RISDP as a 15-year strategic plan for SADC

Approval of the SADC Anthem which will be performed at all major SADC events

The Foundation Stone Monument

Madagascar becomes the 15th SADC Member State

Agreement signed for the construction of Kazungula Bridge

SADC Protocol on Gender and Development

Chirundu One Stop Border Post (OSBP)

Launch of SADC Free Trade Area

SADC signs Memorandum of Understanding

Harmonisation of SADC Radio Frequency Spectrum Allocation Plan – RF Spectrum

Commencement of the operation of the Regional Early Warning System (REWS)

Dr Stergomena Lawrence Tax from the United Republic of Tanzania is appointed the first female SADC Executive Secretary

Zimbabwe officially hands over the SADC Regional Peacekeeping Training Centre (RPTC) to SADC.

Revised SADC Princilples and Guidelines Governing Democratic

Declaration on Youth Development and Empowerment in SADC

SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap (2015-2063)

Establishment of SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (SACREEE) which contributed towards increased access to modern energy services and improved energy security

Summit approves 23rd March as the day to commemorate the Southern Africa Liberation Day to pay tribute to the liberation of the region.

The Union of Comoros becomes the 16th SADC Member State

Approval of SADC Vision 2050 and the RISDP 2020-2030

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